Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are procedures used to evaluate the blood cells within the bone marrow, as well as its structure. They are performed in conjunction with a complete blood count (CBC) and blood smear to provide information about the health of the bone marrow and capability for blood cell production, including red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.These are not routine tests, and the majority of people will never have them done. However, they are useful in helping to detect, diagnose, monitor and/or stage a number of diseases and conditions that can affect the bone marrow and blood cell production.A specialist who has expertise in the diagnosis of blood-related disorders performs the examination and evaluation of bone marrow samples. This process determines, for example:The M/E ratio—this is short for myeloid/erythroid ratio. This calculation compares the number of myeloid cells (WBC precursors) to erythroid cells (RBC precursors).Differential—determines whether cells in each lineage (WBC, RBC, platelet-producing cells) show orderly and complete maturation, and whether the cells are present in normal proportion to one another.Presence of any abnormal cells, such as leukemic or tumor cells.Cellularity—the volume of cells is compared to the volume of other components of the bone marrow, such as fat.The structure of the bone marrow, including the sponge bone (trabecular bone)Using the information from the examination, a bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy may be used to help:Determine the cause of unexplained low or high blood cells counts, including too few or too many white blood cells (leukopenia or leukocytosis), red blood cells (anemia or polycythemia) or platelets (thrombocytopenia or thrombocythemia)Identify the cause of abnormal or immature blood cells present in the blood, as detected by a CBC or a blood smearDiagnose cancer originating in the bone marrow, e.g. leukemia, multiple myelomaDiagnose other bone marrow disorders such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)Diagnose and stage a variety of other types of cancers, such as lymphoma, breast or lung cancer, that may involve or have spread to the bone marrowDiagnose conditions that affect the marrow and its fibrous structure, such as myelofibrosisEvaluate for a bone marrow infection if a person has a fever without an apparent cause (fever of unknown origin)Determine if an individual has a chromosomal abnormalityDiagnose a disorder associated with iron storage that may cause stored iron to diminishIf a person is being treated for a non-hematopoietic cancer, a bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy may be ordered to evaluate the response to treatment to determine whether suppressed marrow function is beginning to return to normal.In addition to microscopic evaluation of the cells and structure, additional tests may be performed, depending on the purpose for testing:Immunophenotyping (immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry)Chromosome analysisFluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH)T-cell receptor gene rearrangementB-cell immunoglobulin gene rearrangementJAK2 mutationBCR-ABLPML-RARACulture—detects the presence of fungi, bacteria, or mycobacteria (that causes tuberculosis), for example
Sample Type - Bone Marrow Smears
Reporting Time - 1 Day
Prerequisites - No special preparation required
Price - ₹490/-
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